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Increasing the Action Gap: New Operators for Reinforcement Learning

2015-12-15Code Available0· sign in to hype

Marc G. Bellemare, Georg Ostrovski, Arthur Guez, Philip S. Thomas, Rémi Munos

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Abstract

This paper introduces new optimality-preserving operators on Q-functions. We first describe an operator for tabular representations, the consistent Bellman operator, which incorporates a notion of local policy consistency. We show that this local consistency leads to an increase in the action gap at each state; increasing this gap, we argue, mitigates the undesirable effects of approximation and estimation errors on the induced greedy policies. This operator can also be applied to discretized continuous space and time problems, and we provide empirical results evidencing superior performance in this context. Extending the idea of a locally consistent operator, we then derive sufficient conditions for an operator to preserve optimality, leading to a family of operators which includes our consistent Bellman operator. As corollaries we provide a proof of optimality for Baird's advantage learning algorithm and derive other gap-increasing operators with interesting properties. We conclude with an empirical study on 60 Atari 2600 games illustrating the strong potential of these new operators.

Tasks

Benchmark Results

DatasetModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
Atari 2600 AlienPersistent ALScore5,699.81—Unverified
Atari 2600 AlienAdvantage LearningScore4,990.91—Unverified
Atari 2600 AmidarPersistent ALScore1,451.65—Unverified
Atari 2600 AmidarAdvantage LearningScore1,557.43—Unverified
Atari 2600 AssaultPersistent ALScore3,304.33—Unverified
Atari 2600 AssaultAdvantage LearningScore3,661.51—Unverified
Atari 2600 AsterixAdvantage LearningScore12,852.08—Unverified
Atari 2600 AsterixPersistent ALScore19,564.9—Unverified
Atari 2600 AsteroidsPersistent ALScore1,673.52—Unverified
Atari 2600 AsteroidsAdvantage LearningScore1,924.42—Unverified
Atari 2600 AtlantisAdvantage LearningScore553,591.67—Unverified
Atari 2600 AtlantisPersistent ALScore1,465,250—Unverified
Atari 2600 Bank HeistAdvantage LearningScore633.63—Unverified
Atari 2600 Bank HeistPersistent ALScore874.99—Unverified
Atari 2600 Battle ZoneAdvantage LearningScore28,789.29—Unverified
Atari 2600 Battle ZonePersistent ALScore34,583.07—Unverified
Atari 2600 Beam RiderPersistent ALScore13,145.34—Unverified
Atari 2600 Beam RiderAdvantage LearningScore10,054.58—Unverified
Atari 2600 BerzerkPersistent ALScore1,328.25—Unverified
Atari 2600 BerzerkAdvantage LearningScore747.26—Unverified
Atari 2600 BowlingAdvantage LearningScore57.41—Unverified
Atari 2600 BowlingPersistent ALScore71.59—Unverified
Atari 2600 BoxingPersistent ALScore94.3—Unverified
Atari 2600 BoxingAdvantage LearningScore93.94—Unverified
Atari 2600 BreakoutAdvantage LearningScore425.32—Unverified
Atari 2600 BreakoutPersistent ALScore431.89—Unverified
Atari 2600 CentipedePersistent ALScore4,539.55—Unverified
Atari 2600 CentipedeAdvantage LearningScore4,225.18—Unverified
Atari 2600 Chopper CommandAdvantage LearningScore5,431.36—Unverified
Atari 2600 Chopper CommandPersistent ALScore5,734.93—Unverified
Atari 2600 Crazy ClimberAdvantage LearningScore123,410.71—Unverified
Atari 2600 Crazy ClimberPersistent ALScore130,002.71—Unverified
Atari 2600 DefenderAdvantage LearningScore30,643.59—Unverified
Atari 2600 DefenderPersistent ALScore32,038.93—Unverified
Atari 2600 Demon AttackAdvantage LearningScore27,153.48—Unverified
Atari 2600 Demon AttackPersistent ALScore70,908.17—Unverified
Atari 2600 Double DunkPersistent ALScore-2.51—Unverified
Atari 2600 Double DunkAdvantage LearningScore-0.15—Unverified
Atari 2600 Elevator ActionPersistent ALScore29,100—Unverified
Atari 2600 Elevator ActionAdvantage LearningScore27,088.89—Unverified
Atari 2600 EnduroAdvantage LearningScore1,252.7—Unverified
Atari 2600 EnduroPersistent ALScore1,343.1—Unverified
Atari 2600 Fishing DerbyPersistent ALScore28.13—Unverified
Atari 2600 Fishing DerbyAdvantage LearningScore21.32—Unverified
Atari 2600 FreewayPersistent ALScore32.3—Unverified
Atari 2600 FreewayAdvantage LearningScore31.72—Unverified
Atari 2600 FrostbiteAdvantage LearningScore2,305.82—Unverified
Atari 2600 FrostbitePersistent ALScore3,248.96—Unverified
Atari 2600 GopherAdvantage LearningScore11,912.68—Unverified
Atari 2600 GopherPersistent ALScore10,611.81—Unverified

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