Evolution Strategies as a Scalable Alternative to Reinforcement Learning
Tim Salimans, Jonathan Ho, Xi Chen, Szymon Sidor, Ilya Sutskever
Code Available — Be the first to reproduce this paper.
ReproduceCode
- github.com/openai/evolution-strategies-starterOfficialtf★ 0
- github.com/nnaisense/pgpelibpytorch★ 73
- github.com/enajx/ESpytorch★ 7
- github.com/stavrosgreece/MultiAgentLearningpytorch★ 6
- github.com/cesch97/NeuroEvolutionnone★ 1
- github.com/alisidd/Evolution-Strategiestf★ 0
- github.com/evaboost/evaboostnone★ 0
- github.com/aspk/space_battlenone★ 0
- github.com/shakti365/nesnone★ 0
- github.com/fiberleif/evolution-strategiestf★ 0
Abstract
We explore the use of Evolution Strategies (ES), a class of black box optimization algorithms, as an alternative to popular MDP-based RL techniques such as Q-learning and Policy Gradients. Experiments on MuJoCo and Atari show that ES is a viable solution strategy that scales extremely well with the number of CPUs available: By using a novel communication strategy based on common random numbers, our ES implementation only needs to communicate scalars, making it possible to scale to over a thousand parallel workers. This allows us to solve 3D humanoid walking in 10 minutes and obtain competitive results on most Atari games after one hour of training. In addition, we highlight several advantages of ES as a black box optimization technique: it is invariant to action frequency and delayed rewards, tolerant of extremely long horizons, and does not need temporal discounting or value function approximation.
Tasks
Benchmark Results
| Dataset | Model | Metric | Claimed | Verified | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atari 2600 Alien | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 994 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Amidar | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 112 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Assault | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 1,673.9 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Asterix | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 1,440 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Asteroids | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 1,562 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Atlantis | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 1,267,410 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Bank Heist | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 225 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Battle Zone | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 16,600 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Beam Rider | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 744 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Berzerk | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 686 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Bowling | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 30 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Boxing | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 49.8 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Breakout | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 9.5 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Centipede | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 7,783.9 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Chopper Command | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 3,710 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Crazy Climber | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 26,430 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Demon Attack | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 1,166.5 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Double Dunk | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 0.2 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Enduro | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 95 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Fishing Derby | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | -49 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Freeway | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 31 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Frostbite | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 370 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Gopher | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 582 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Gravitar | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 805 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Ice Hockey | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | -4.1 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Kangaroo | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 11,200 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Krull | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 8,647.2 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Name This Game | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 4,503 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Pong | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 21 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Private Eye | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 100 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Q*Bert | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 147.5 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 River Raid | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 5,009 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Road Runner | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 16,590 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Robotank | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 11.9 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Seaquest | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 1,390 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Space Invaders | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 678.5 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Star Gunner | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 1,470 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Tennis | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | -4.5 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Time Pilot | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 4,970 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Tutankham | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 130.3 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Up and Down | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 67,974 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Venture | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 760 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Video Pinball | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 22,834.8 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Wizard of Wor | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 3,480 | — | Unverified |
| Atari 2600 Zaxxon | ES FF (1 hour) noop | Score | 6,380 | — | Unverified |