A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference
Samuel R. Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, Christopher D. Manning
Code Available — Be the first to reproduce this paper.
ReproduceCode
Abstract
Understanding entailment and contradiction is fundamental to understanding natural language, and inference about entailment and contradiction is a valuable testing ground for the development of semantic representations. However, machine learning research in this area has been dramatically limited by the lack of large-scale resources. To address this, we introduce the Stanford Natural Language Inference corpus, a new, freely available collection of labeled sentence pairs, written by humans doing a novel grounded task based on image captioning. At 570K pairs, it is two orders of magnitude larger than all other resources of its type. This increase in scale allows lexicalized classifiers to outperform some sophisticated existing entailment models, and it allows a neural network-based model to perform competitively on natural language inference benchmarks for the first time.
Tasks
Benchmark Results
| Dataset | Model | Metric | Claimed | Verified | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNLI | + Unigram and bigram features | % Test Accuracy | 78.2 | — | Unverified |
| SNLI | 100D LSTM encoders | % Test Accuracy | 77.6 | — | Unverified |
| SNLI | Unlexicalized features | % Test Accuracy | 50.4 | — | Unverified |