Reliability-Prioritized Fine-Grained Generation in Multimodal Large

Code

• github.com/weiwu2025/granfact
  OfficialIn paper★ 0

Abstract

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly expected to generate fine-grained descriptions of visual content. However, we observe and theoretically show that generating fine-grained responses poses a reliability challenge, i.e., fine-grained generation is more error-prone than coarse-grained generation. This phenomenon suggests that models should generate the finest description that remains reliable rather than simply produce more specific outputs. To investigate this problem, we develop GranFact, a granularity-aware benchmark consisting of expert-verified multi-object images with coarse-to-fine category annotations. Then, we design a hierarchy-aware evaluation algorithm, which assesses both whether model predictions are visually correct and how specific the correct predictions are. We also propose a reliability-prioritized preference optimization method based on Direct Preference Optimization, which penalizes unreliable fine-grained claims while rewarding reliable specificity. Experiments on GranFact show that our method improves fine-grained generation while preserving reliability. Code and data are available here.

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